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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jaime Pitarch; Marco Bellacicco; Emanuele Organelli; Gianluca Volpe; +3 Authors

    Particulate optical backscattering (bbp) is a crucial parameter for the study of ocean biology and oceanic carbon estimations. In this work, bbp retrieval, by the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA), is assessed using a large in situ database of matched bbp and remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs). The QAA is also applied to satellite Rrs (ESA OC-CCI project) as well, after their validation against in situ Rrs. Additionally, the effect of Raman Scattering on QAA retrievals is studied. Results show negligible biases above random noise when QAA-derived bbp is compared to in situ bbp. In addition, Rrs from the CCI archive shows good agreement with in situ data. The QAA’s functional form of spectral backscattering slope, as derived from in situ radiometry, is validated. Finally, we show the importance of correcting for Raman Scattering over clear waters prior to semi-analytical retrieval. Overall, this work demonstrates the high efficiency of QAA in the bbp detection in case of both in situ and ocean color data, but it also highlights the necessity to increase the number of observations that are severely under-sampled in respect to others environmental parameters.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Remote Sensing; ENEA...arrow_drop_down
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    Remote Sensing; NARCIS
    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    NIOZ Repository
    Article . 2020
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2019
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    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2020
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    Article . 2020
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    Article . 2020
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      Other literature type . Article . 2020 . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Article . 2020
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      Article . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Louise Souquet; Carlo Corradini; Catherine Girard;

    A new conodont species, Siphonodella leiosa, is described from the lower Carboniferous pelagic limestones of the Montagne Noire (France), deposited in North Gondwana on a outer platform environment. Specimens were obtained from one level dated to the Siphonodella jii conodont Zone. The major difference from other siphonodellid conodonts known in this area is that the elements of this new species have a practically entirely smooth and unornamented platform, apart from the development of one or two low rostral ridge-like nodes. Similar morphologies were generally observed in shallow marine deposits of the same time frame from China, Russia and East and Central European areas. The new discovery reinforces the idea that ornamentation of siphonodellids is not only related to bathymetry, but that temperature could play an important role in the diversification and radiation of unornamented species during the Siphonodella jii conodont Zone. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Mémoires en Sciences...arrow_drop_down
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    Geobios
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Marc-André Gutscher; Stéphane Dominguez; Bernard Mercier de Lépinay; Luis M. Pinheiro; +7 Authors

    Subduction of a narrow slab of oceanic lithosphere beneath a tightly curved orogenic arc requires the presence of at least one lithospheric scale tear fault. While the Calabrian subduction beneath southern Italy is considered to be the type example of this geodynamic setting, the geometry, kinematics and surface expression of the associated lateral, slab tear fault offshore eastern Sicily remain controversial. Results from a new marine geophysical survey conducted in the Ionian Sea, using high-resolution bathymetry and seismic profiling reveal active faulting at the seafloor within a 140 km long, two-branched fault system near Alfeo Seamount. The previously unidentified 60 km long NW trending North Alfeo Fault system shows primarily strike-slip kinematics as indicated by the morphology and steep-dipping transpressional and transtensional faults. Available earthquake focal mechanisms indicate dextral strike-slip motion along this fault segment. The 80 km long SSE trending South Alfeo fault system is expressed by one or two steeply dipping normal faults, bounding the western side of a 500+ m thick, 5 km wide, elongate, syntectonic Plio-Quaternary sedimentary basin. Both branches of the fault system are mechanically capable of generating magnitude 6–7 earthquakes like those that struck eastern Sicily in 1169, 1542, and 1693. International audience

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    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2016
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    OAR@UM
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Tectonics
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Tectonics
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Serge Berné; Gwenael Jouet; Maria-Angela Bassetti; Bernard Dennielou; +1 Authors

    International audience; A unique late Glacial–Preboreal record of changes in sea-level and sediment fluxes originating from the Alps is recorded in the Rhône subaqueous delta in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The compilation of detailed bathymetric charts, together with high-resolution seismic profiles and long cores, reveals the detailed architecture of several sediment lobes, related to periods of decreased sea-level rise and/or increased sediment flux. They are situated along the retreat path of the Rhône distributaries, from the shelf edge and canyon heads up to the modern coastline. They form transgressive backstepping parasequences across the shelf, the late Holocene (highstand) deltas being confined to the inner shelf. The most prominent feature is an elongated paleo-shoreface/deltaic system, with an uppermost sandy fraction remolded into subaqueous dunes. A long piston core into the bottomsets of this prograding unit allows precise dating of this ancient deltaic system. In seismic data, it displays aggradation, starting at not, vert, similar 15 cal kyr BP, followed by progradation initiated during the first phase of the Younger Dryas, a period of reduced sea-level rise or stillstand. The delta kept pace with resumed sea-level rise during the Preboreal (which is estimated at about 1 cm/yr), as a result of increased sediment supply from the Alps (melting of glaciers and more humid climate “flushing” the sediment down to the sea). Abandonment of the delta occurred around 10,500 cal yr BP, that is to say about 1000 yr after the end of the Younger Dryas, probably because of decreased sediment flux.

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    Marine Geology
    Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2007
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      Marine Geology
      Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2007
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    Authors: Sergent, Philippe; Prevot, Guirec; Mattarolo, Giovanni; Brossard, Jérôme; +7 Authors

    With the mean sea level (MSL) rise, coastal defence structures will be exposed to wave height, which are larger than the design values, in particular for all the structures built in shallow waters where the depth imposes the maximal wave height due to bathymetric breaking. If MSL rise is one meter, the crest of these structures will have to be raised between two and three meters in order to keep the same overtopping volumes. Moreover the structures will have more severe damages and mass of armour units should be doubled. Statistics moderate the first conclusions because it keeps into account the whole set of events, including in particular shoaling waves. Schematically with the increase of damages, according to the severity of changes the stakeholders will adopt one of the following scenarios: a) repairing the structures as it is b) reinforcing the structures c) demolishing and redesigning the structures d) accepting coastal realignment. Three axes of reinforcement of structures are presented: limiting overtopping by modifying for example the crown wall, improving armour stability by adding an armour layer or by using milder armour slope and reducing the incident wave energy by building a detached low-crested breakwater or by sand nourishment. A curved parapet wall is a very efficient solution for impervious structures. This solution must often be completed by an additional armour layer for pervious structures. The front reservoir is also a promising solution. Cost benefice analysis (CBA) applied to the city of Le Havre shows that reinforcement becomes economically justified in district of Malraux when MSL rise is 1 m. Redesign and coastal realignment as far as they are concerned are acceptable when MSL rise exceeds 2 m.

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    La Houille Blanche
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    La Houille Blanche
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      La Houille Blanche
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      La Houille Blanche
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Carole Berthod; Etienne Médard; Patrick Bachèlery; Lucia Gurioli; +20 Authors

    Deep-sea submarine eruptions are the least known type of volcanic activity, due to the difficulty of detecting, monitoring, and sampling them. Following an intense seismic crisis in May 2018, a large submarine effusive eruption offshore the island of Mayotte (Indian Ocean) has extruded at least 6.5 km3 of magma to date, making it the largest monitored submarine eruption as well as the largest effusive eruption on Earth since Iceland's 1783 Laki eruption. This volcano is located along a WNW-ESE volcanic ridge, extending from the island of Petite Terre (east side of Mayotte) to about 3,500 m of water depth. We present a detailed petrological and geochemical description of the erupted lavas sampled by the MAYOBS 1, 2, and 4 cruises between May and July 2019 and use these to infer characteristics and changes through time for the whole magmatic system and its dynamics from the source to the surface. These cruises provide an exceptional time-series of bathymetric, textural, petrological, and geochemical data for the 2018-2019 eruptive period, and hence bring an invaluable opportunity to better constrain the evolution of magma storage and transfer processes during a long-lived submarine eruption. Integrating the petrological signatures of dredged lavas with geophysical data, we show that the crystal-poor and gas-rich evolved basanitic magma was stored at mantle depth (>37 km) in a large (≥10 km3) reservoir and that the eruption was tectonically triggered. As the eruption proceeded, a decrease in ascent rate and/or a pathway change resulted in the incorporation of preexisting differentiated magma stored at a shallower level. Magma transfer from the deep mantle reservoir is syn-eruptive, as indicated by transfer times estimated from diffusion in zoned olivine crystals that are much shorter than the total eruption duration. Our petrological model has important hazard implications concerning the rapid and stealthy awakening of a deep gas-rich magma reservoirs that can produce unusually high output rates and long-lived eruption. Sudden tapping of large crystal poor reservoirs may be the trigger mechanism for other rarely witnessed high-volume (>1 km3) effusive events. International audience Co-auteur étranger

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    Earth and Planetary Science Letters
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Hal-Diderot
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    Authors: Achim Randelhoff; Achim Randelhoff; Johnna Holding; Johnna Holding; +8 Authors

    Arctic Ocean primary productivity is limited by light and inorganic nutrients. With sea ice cover declining in recent decades, nitrate limitation has been speculated to become more prominent. Although much has been learned about nitrate supply from general patterns of ocean circulation and water column stability, a quantitative analysis requires dedicated turbulence measurements that have only started to accumulate in the last dozen years. Here we present new observations of the turbulent vertical nitrate flux in the Laptev Sea, Baffin Bay, and Young Sound (North-East Greenland), supplementing a compilation of 13 published estimates throughout the Arctic Ocean. Combining all flux estimates with a Pan-Arctic database of in situ measurements of nitrate concentration and density, we found the annual nitrate inventory to be largely determined by the strength of stratification and by bathymetry. Nitrate fluxes explained the observed regional patterns and magnitudes of both new primary production and particle export on annual scales. We argue that with few regional exceptions, vertical turbulent nitrate fluxes can be a reliable proxy of Arctic primary production accessible through autonomous and large-scale measurements. They may also provide a framework to assess nutrient limitation scenarios based on clear energetic and mass budget constraints resulting from turbulent mixing and freshwater flows.

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    Frontiers in Marine Science
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2020
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      Frontiers in Marine Science
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      DOAJ
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    Authors: Zhao, Minghui; Qiu, Xuelin; Li, Jiabiao; Sauter, Daniel; +7 Authors

    The Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) is an ultraslow spreading end‐member of mid‐ocean ridge system. We use air gun shooting data recorded by ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) and multibeam bathymetry to obtain a detailed three‐dimensional (3‐D) P wave tomographic model centered at 49°39′E near the active hydrothermal “Dragon Flag” vent. Results are presented in the form of a 3‐D seismic traveltime inversion over the center and both ends of a ridge segment. We show that the crustal thickness, defined as the depth to the 7 km/s isovelocity contour, decreases systematically from the center (∼7.0–8.0 km) toward the segment ends (∼3.0–4.0 km). This variation is dominantly controlled by thickness changes in the lower crustal layer. We interpret this variation as due to focusing of the magmatic activity at the segment center. The across‐axis velocity model documents a strong asymmetrical structure involving oceanic detachment faulting. A locally corrugated oceanic core complex (Dragon Flag OCC) on the southern ridge flank is characterized by high shallow crustal velocities and a strong vertical velocity gradient. We infer that this OCC may be predominantly made of gabbros. We suggest that detachment faulting is a prominent process of slow spreading oceanic crust accretion even in magmatically robust ridge sections. Hydrothermal activity at the Dragon Flag vents is located next to the detachment fault termination. We infer that the detachment fault system provides a pathway for hydrothermal convection.

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    Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems
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    Authors: Michaud, François; Chabert, Anne; Collot, Jean-Yves; Sallarès, Valentí; +5 Authors

    Offshore Ecuador, the Carnegie Ridge is a volcanic ridge with a carbonate sediment drape. During the SALIERI Cruise, multibeam bathymetry was collected across Carnegie Ridge with the Simrad EM120 of the R/V SONNE. The most conspicuous features discovered on the Carnegie Ridge are fields of circular closed depressions widely distributed along the mid-slope of the northern and southern flanks of the ridge between 1500 and 2600 m water depth. These circular depressions are 1–4 km wide and typically 100–400 m deep. Most are flat floored and some are so densely packed that they form a honeycomb pattern. The depressions were carved into the ridge sedimentary blanket, which consists of carbonate sediment and has been dated from upper Miocene to upper Pleistocene. Several hypotheses including pockmark origin, sediment creeping, paleo-topography of the volcanic basement, effects of subbottom currents, and both marine and subaerial karstic origins are discussed. We believe that underwater dissolution process merits the most serious consideration regarding the origin of the closed depression 15 pages, 7 figures

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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 2005
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    Marine Geology
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2005
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      Horizon / Pleins textes
      Other literature type . 2005
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      Marine Geology
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      Article . 2005
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    Authors: Camille Traini; Jean-Noël Proust; David Menier; Manoj Joseph Mathew;

    Estuaries are coastal areas controlled by hydrodynamic factors such as sea-level changes, waves and tidal currents, and river discharge. This study focuses on the Vilaine Estuary which is strongly impacted by human activity after construction of Arzal dam in 1970. The purpose of this research is to differentiate the role of natural from anthropogenic factors on sediment dynamics within the Vilaine Estuary. We are proposing a hypothetical model based on the hydrodynamic modification and morpho-sedimentary development by analyzing the natural estuarine evolution and the impact of human alteration to the natural system by utilizing datasets including river discharge, tidal currents, winds and wave activities to further combine with photographic, bathymetric, topographic and sedimentary surveys. Results show that waves carry sediment from the sea and rework local sediments. The river damming is reducing the tidal prims and leads to the fall of tidal currents. This new situation supports the sediment deposition and reduces at the same time the accommodation space which decrease tidal currents in feed-back. The Vilaine Estuary is therefore coming close to a bay-type functioning which leads to a channel narrowing, a drastic increase of the tidal flat zone, an acceleration of erosional processes affecting the main channel, salt marsh and all associated depositional systems. We propose a hypothetical model showing that this evolution took place in two steps and we show that the dam has an effect to accelerate a natural infilling of the estuary. International audience

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    Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science
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    Authors: Jaime Pitarch; Marco Bellacicco; Emanuele Organelli; Gianluca Volpe; +3 Authors

    Particulate optical backscattering (bbp) is a crucial parameter for the study of ocean biology and oceanic carbon estimations. In this work, bbp retrieval, by the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA), is assessed using a large in situ database of matched bbp and remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs). The QAA is also applied to satellite Rrs (ESA OC-CCI project) as well, after their validation against in situ Rrs. Additionally, the effect of Raman Scattering on QAA retrievals is studied. Results show negligible biases above random noise when QAA-derived bbp is compared to in situ bbp. In addition, Rrs from the CCI archive shows good agreement with in situ data. The QAA’s functional form of spectral backscattering slope, as derived from in situ radiometry, is validated. Finally, we show the importance of correcting for Raman Scattering over clear waters prior to semi-analytical retrieval. Overall, this work demonstrates the high efficiency of QAA in the bbp detection in case of both in situ and ocean color data, but it also highlights the necessity to increase the number of observations that are severely under-sampled in respect to others environmental parameters.

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    Remote Sensing; NARCIS
    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    NIOZ Repository
    Article . 2020
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2019
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    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2020
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    ENEA Open Archive
    Article . 2020
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    Remote Sensing
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      Other literature type . Article . 2020 . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      NIOZ Repository
      Article . 2020
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      CNR ExploRA
      Article . 2020
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      ENEA Open Archive
      Article . 2020
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    Authors: Louise Souquet; Carlo Corradini; Catherine Girard;

    A new conodont species, Siphonodella leiosa, is described from the lower Carboniferous pelagic limestones of the Montagne Noire (France), deposited in North Gondwana on a outer platform environment. Specimens were obtained from one level dated to the Siphonodella jii conodont Zone. The major difference from other siphonodellid conodonts known in this area is that the elements of this new species have a practically entirely smooth and unornamented platform, apart from the development of one or two low rostral ridge-like nodes. Similar morphologies were generally observed in shallow marine deposits of the same time frame from China, Russia and East and Central European areas. The new discovery reinforces the idea that ornamentation of siphonodellids is not only related to bathymetry, but that temperature could play an important role in the diversification and radiation of unornamented species during the Siphonodella jii conodont Zone. International audience

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    Geobios
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Marc-André Gutscher; Stéphane Dominguez; Bernard Mercier de Lépinay; Luis M. Pinheiro; +7 Authors

    Subduction of a narrow slab of oceanic lithosphere beneath a tightly curved orogenic arc requires the presence of at least one lithospheric scale tear fault. While the Calabrian subduction beneath southern Italy is considered to be the type example of this geodynamic setting, the geometry, kinematics and surface expression of the associated lateral, slab tear fault offshore eastern Sicily remain controversial. Results from a new marine geophysical survey conducted in the Ionian Sea, using high-resolution bathymetry and seismic profiling reveal active faulting at the seafloor within a 140 km long, two-branched fault system near Alfeo Seamount. The previously unidentified 60 km long NW trending North Alfeo Fault system shows primarily strike-slip kinematics as indicated by the morphology and steep-dipping transpressional and transtensional faults. Available earthquake focal mechanisms indicate dextral strike-slip motion along this fault segment. The 80 km long SSE trending South Alfeo fault system is expressed by one or two steeply dipping normal faults, bounding the western side of a 500+ m thick, 5 km wide, elongate, syntectonic Plio-Quaternary sedimentary basin. Both branches of the fault system are mechanically capable of generating magnitude 6–7 earthquakes like those that struck eastern Sicily in 1169, 1542, and 1693. International audience

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    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2016
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    OAR@UM
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Tectonics
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      CNR ExploRA
      Article . 2016
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      OAR@UM
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Tectonics
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Serge Berné; Gwenael Jouet; Maria-Angela Bassetti; Bernard Dennielou; +1 Authors

    International audience; A unique late Glacial–Preboreal record of changes in sea-level and sediment fluxes originating from the Alps is recorded in the Rhône subaqueous delta in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The compilation of detailed bathymetric charts, together with high-resolution seismic profiles and long cores, reveals the detailed architecture of several sediment lobes, related to periods of decreased sea-level rise and/or increased sediment flux. They are situated along the retreat path of the Rhône distributaries, from the shelf edge and canyon heads up to the modern coastline. They form transgressive backstepping parasequences across the shelf, the late Holocene (highstand) deltas being confined to the inner shelf. The most prominent feature is an elongated paleo-shoreface/deltaic system, with an uppermost sandy fraction remolded into subaqueous dunes. A long piston core into the bottomsets of this prograding unit allows precise dating of this ancient deltaic system. In seismic data, it displays aggradation, starting at not, vert, similar 15 cal kyr BP, followed by progradation initiated during the first phase of the Younger Dryas, a period of reduced sea-level rise or stillstand. The delta kept pace with resumed sea-level rise during the Preboreal (which is estimated at about 1 cm/yr), as a result of increased sediment supply from the Alps (melting of glaciers and more humid climate “flushing” the sediment down to the sea). Abandonment of the delta occurred around 10,500 cal yr BP, that is to say about 1000 yr after the end of the Younger Dryas, probably because of decreased sediment flux.

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    Marine Geology
    Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2007
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      Marine Geology
      Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sergent, Philippe; Prevot, Guirec; Mattarolo, Giovanni; Brossard, Jérôme; +7 Authors

    With the mean sea level (MSL) rise, coastal defence structures will be exposed to wave height, which are larger than the design values, in particular for all the structures built in shallow waters where the depth imposes the maximal wave height due to bathymetric breaking. If MSL rise is one meter, the crest of these structures will have to be raised between two and three meters in order to keep the same overtopping volumes. Moreover the structures will have more severe damages and mass of armour units should be doubled. Statistics moderate the first conclusions because it keeps into account the whole set of events, including in particular shoaling waves. Schematically with the increase of damages, according to the severity of changes the stakeholders will adopt one of the following scenarios: a) repairing the structures as it is b) reinforcing the structures c) demolishing and redesigning the structures d) accepting coastal realignment. Three axes of reinforcement of structures are presented: limiting overtopping by modifying for example the crown wall, improving armour stability by adding an armour layer or by using milder armour slope and reducing the incident wave energy by building a detached low-crested breakwater or by sand nourishment. A curved parapet wall is a very efficient solution for impervious structures. This solution must often be completed by an additional armour layer for pervious structures. The front reservoir is also a promising solution. Cost benefice analysis (CBA) applied to the city of Le Havre shows that reinforcement becomes economically justified in district of Malraux when MSL rise is 1 m. Redesign and coastal realignment as far as they are concerned are acceptable when MSL rise exceeds 2 m.

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    La Houille Blanche
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    La Houille Blanche
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      La Houille Blanche
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    Authors: Carole Berthod; Etienne Médard; Patrick Bachèlery; Lucia Gurioli; +20 Authors

    Deep-sea submarine eruptions are the least known type of volcanic activity, due to the difficulty of detecting, monitoring, and sampling them. Following an intense seismic crisis in May 2018, a large submarine effusive eruption offshore the island of Mayotte (Indian Ocean) has extruded at least 6.5 km3 of magma to date, making it the largest monitored submarine eruption as well as the largest effusive eruption on Earth since Iceland's 1783 Laki eruption. This volcano is located along a WNW-ESE volcanic ridge, extending from the island of Petite Terre (east side of Mayotte) to about 3,500 m of water depth. We present a detailed petrological and geochemical description of the erupted lavas sampled by the MAYOBS 1, 2, and 4 cruises between May and July 2019 and use these to infer characteristics and changes through time for the whole magmatic system and its dynamics from the source to the surface. These cruises provide an exceptional time-series of bathymetric, textural, petrological, and geochemical data for the 2018-2019 eruptive period, and hence bring an invaluable opportunity to better constrain the evolution of magma storage and transfer processes during a long-lived submarine eruption. Integrating the petrological signatures of dredged lavas with geophysical data, we show that the crystal-poor and gas-rich evolved basanitic magma was stored at mantle depth (>37 km) in a large (≥10 km3) reservoir and that the eruption was tectonically triggered. As the eruption proceeded, a decrease in ascent rate and/or a pathway change resulted in the incorporation of preexisting differentiated magma stored at a shallower level. Magma transfer from the deep mantle reservoir is syn-eruptive, as indicated by transfer times estimated from diffusion in zoned olivine crystals that are much shorter than the total eruption duration. Our petrological model has important hazard implications concerning the rapid and stealthy awakening of a deep gas-rich magma reservoirs that can produce unusually high output rates and long-lived eruption. Sudden tapping of large crystal poor reservoirs may be the trigger mechanism for other rarely witnessed high-volume (>1 km3) effusive events. International audience Co-auteur étranger

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    Earth and Planetary Science Letters
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Hal-Diderot
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    Authors: Achim Randelhoff; Achim Randelhoff; Johnna Holding; Johnna Holding; +8 Authors

    Arctic Ocean primary productivity is limited by light and inorganic nutrients. With sea ice cover declining in recent decades, nitrate limitation has been speculated to become more prominent. Although much has been learned about nitrate supply from general patterns of ocean circulation and water column stability, a quantitative analysis requires dedicated turbulence measurements that have only started to accumulate in the last dozen years. Here we present new observations of the turbulent vertical nitrate flux in the Laptev Sea, Baffin Bay, and Young Sound (North-East Greenland), supplementing a compilation of 13 published estimates throughout the Arctic Ocean. Combining all flux estimates with a Pan-Arctic database of in situ measurements of nitrate concentration and density, we found the annual nitrate inventory to be largely determined by the strength of stratification and by bathymetry. Nitrate fluxes explained the observed regional patterns and magnitudes of both new primary production and particle export on annual scales. We argue that with few regional exceptions, vertical turbulent nitrate fluxes can be a reliable proxy of Arctic primary production accessible through autonomous and large-scale measurements. They may also provide a framework to assess nutrient limitation scenarios based on clear energetic and mass budget constraints resulting from turbulent mixing and freshwater flows.

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    Frontiers in Marine Science
    Article
    License: CC BY
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2020
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      Frontiers in Marine Science
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      DOAJ
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    Authors: Zhao, Minghui; Qiu, Xuelin; Li, Jiabiao; Sauter, Daniel; +7 Authors

    The Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) is an ultraslow spreading end‐member of mid‐ocean ridge system. We use air gun shooting data recorded by ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) and multibeam bathymetry to obtain a detailed three‐dimensional (3‐D) P wave tomographic model centered at 49°39′E near the active hydrothermal “Dragon Flag” vent. Results are presented in the form of a 3‐D seismic traveltime inversion over the center and both ends of a ridge segment. We show that the crustal thickness, defined as the depth to the 7 km/s isovelocity contour, decreases systematically from the center (∼7.0–8.0 km) toward the segment ends (∼3.0–4.0 km). This variation is dominantly controlled by thickness changes in the lower crustal layer. We interpret this variation as due to focusing of the magmatic activity at the segment center. The across‐axis velocity model documents a strong asymmetrical structure involving oceanic detachment faulting. A locally corrugated oceanic core complex (Dragon Flag OCC) on the southern ridge flank is characterized by high shallow crustal velocities and a strong vertical velocity gradient. We infer that this OCC may be predominantly made of gabbros. We suggest that detachment faulting is a prominent process of slow spreading oceanic crust accretion even in magmatically robust ridge sections. Hydrothermal activity at the Dragon Flag vents is located next to the detachment fault termination. We infer that the detachment fault system provides a pathway for hydrothermal convection.

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    Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Michaud, François; Chabert, Anne; Collot, Jean-Yves; Sallarès, Valentí; +5 Authors

    Offshore Ecuador, the Carnegie Ridge is a volcanic ridge with a carbonate sediment drape. During the SALIERI Cruise, multibeam bathymetry was collected across Carnegie Ridge with the Simrad EM120 of the R/V SONNE. The most conspicuous features discovered on the Carnegie Ridge are fields of circular closed depressions widely distributed along the mid-slope of the northern and southern flanks of the ridge between 1500 and 2600 m water depth. These circular depressions are 1–4 km wide and typically 100–400 m deep. Most are flat floored and some are so densely packed that they form a honeycomb pattern. The depressions were carved into the ridge sedimentary blanket, which consists of carbonate sediment and has been dated from upper Miocene to upper Pleistocene. Several hypotheses including pockmark origin, sediment creeping, paleo-topography of the volcanic basement, effects of subbottom currents, and both marine and subaerial karstic origins are discussed. We believe that underwater dissolution process merits the most serious consideration regarding the origin of the closed depression 15 pages, 7 figures

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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 2005
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    Marine Geology
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    Hal-Diderot
    Article . 2005
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      Other literature type . 2005
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      Marine Geology
      Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2005
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    Authors: Camille Traini; Jean-Noël Proust; David Menier; Manoj Joseph Mathew;

    Estuaries are coastal areas controlled by hydrodynamic factors such as sea-level changes, waves and tidal currents, and river discharge. This study focuses on the Vilaine Estuary which is strongly impacted by human activity after construction of Arzal dam in 1970. The purpose of this research is to differentiate the role of natural from anthropogenic factors on sediment dynamics within the Vilaine Estuary. We are proposing a hypothetical model based on the hydrodynamic modification and morpho-sedimentary development by analyzing the natural estuarine evolution and the impact of human alteration to the natural system by utilizing datasets including river discharge, tidal currents, winds and wave activities to further combine with photographic, bathymetric, topographic and sedimentary surveys. Results show that waves carry sediment from the sea and rework local sediments. The river damming is reducing the tidal prims and leads to the fall of tidal currents. This new situation supports the sediment deposition and reduces at the same time the accommodation space which decrease tidal currents in feed-back. The Vilaine Estuary is therefore coming close to a bay-type functioning which leads to a channel narrowing, a drastic increase of the tidal flat zone, an acceleration of erosional processes affecting the main channel, salt marsh and all associated depositional systems. We propose a hypothetical model showing that this evolution took place in two steps and we show that the dam has an effect to accelerate a natural infilling of the estuary. International audience

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    Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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