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Variability of alkalinity and the alkalinity‐salinity relationship in the tropical and subtropical surface ocean
doi: 10.1002/2013gb004678
Variability of alkalinity and the alkalinity‐salinity relationship in the tropical and subtropical surface ocean
AbstractThe variability of total alkalinity (TA) and its relationship with salinity in the tropical and subtropical surface ocean were examined using data collected in various marine environments from a ship of opportunity. In the open ocean regions of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, sea surface TA variability was observed to be mainly controlled by the simple dilution or concentration (SDC) effect of precipitation and evaporation, and the measured concentrations of TA agreed well with those predicted from salinity and temperature. Non‐SDC changes in alkalinity in ocean margins and inland seas were examined by comparing the salinity‐normalized alkalinity with that of the open ocean end‐member. Non‐SDC alkalinity additions to the western North Atlantic margin, eastern North Pacific margin, and Mediterranean Sea were identified, which mainly resulted from river inputs and shelf currents. In contrast, removal of TA through formation and sedimentation of calcium carbonate was observed to be an important control in the Red Sea. The concentration of the river end‐member can only be reliably derived from the y intercept of TA‐S regression (TAS0) in river‐dominated systems such as estuaries and river plumes. In coastal regions where other processes (evaporation, shelf currents, upwelling, calcification, etc.) are more influential, TAS0 can significantly deviate from the river water concentration and hence be an unreliable indicator of it. Negative values of TAS0 can result from non‐SDC TA removal at the low salinity end (relative to the salinity of the oceanic end‐member) and/or non‐SDC TA addition at high salinities (as occurs in the Mediterranean Sea).
- National Oceanography Centre United Kingdom
- Xiamen University China (People's Republic of)
- French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea France
- Zhejiang Ocean University China (People's Republic of)
- Natural Environment Research Council United Kingdom
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: geography geography.geographical_feature_category Alkalinity Estuary Pelagic zone Subtropics Salinity Oceanography Mediterranean sea Upwelling Precipitation Geology
Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Environmental Chemistry, General Environmental Science
Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Environmental Chemistry, General Environmental Science
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: geography geography.geographical_feature_category Alkalinity Estuary Pelagic zone Subtropics Salinity Oceanography Mediterranean sea Upwelling Precipitation Geology
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